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Guttman scale analysis - translation to English
Ex: Guttman scale analysis is a statistical technique designed both for selecting items to make up a unidimensional scale along which individuals may be scored, and as a hypothesis-testing technique for determining whether a set of individuals adequately fit a scale, or whether a scale adequately reflects observed response patterns.
![Diatonic scale in the [[chromatic circle]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/C chromatic circle.svg?width=200 "Diatonic scale in the [[chromatic circle]]")
![Market hawker weighing meat (in [[catty]]) on a beam balance, Malaysia (1969)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/143-29dev hawker weighingEs.jpg?width=200 "Market hawker weighing meat (in [[catty]]) on a beam balance, Malaysia (1969)")
![A [[Roberval balance]]. The pivots of the parallelogram understructure makes it insensitive to load positioning away from center, so improves its accuracy, and ease of use.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Balance scale IMGP9755.jpg?width=200 "A [[Roberval balance]]. The pivots of the parallelogram understructure makes it insensitive to load positioning away from center, so improves its accuracy, and ease of use.")
![Aluminum, mass-produced balance scale ([[steelyard balance]]) sold and used throughout China: the scale can be inverted and held by the larger ring beneath the user's right hand to produce greater leverage for heavier loads ([[Hainan]], [[China]], 2011)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Balance scales in China 02.jpg?width=200 "Aluminum, mass-produced balance scale ([[steelyard balance]]) sold and used throughout China: the scale can be inverted and held by the larger ring beneath the user's right hand to produce greater leverage for heavier loads ([[Hainan]], [[China]], 2011)")
![Digital kitchen scale, a [[strain gauge]] scale](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Digi-keukenweegschaal1284.JPG?width=200 "Digital kitchen scale, a [[strain gauge]] scale")
![feather of truth]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/El pesado del corazón en el Papiro de Hunefer.jpg?width=200 "feather of truth]].")
![FDACS's Bureau of Weights and Measures]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Inspected scale 2.jpg?width=200 "FDACS's Bureau of Weights and Measures]].")
![Woman on a public weighing scale. [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], 2016](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kubanino sur stratpesilo (Vieno).jpg?width=200 "Woman on a public weighing scale. [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], 2016")
![decagram]] masses](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Odważniki 2, ubt.jpeg?width=200 "decagram]] masses")
![Weighing dishes from the island of [[Thera]], [[Minoan civilization]], 2000–1500 BC](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Archaeological site of Akrotiri - Museum of prehistoric Thera - Santorini - weighing dishes - 01.jpg?width=200 "Weighing dishes from the island of [[Thera]], [[Minoan civilization]], 2000–1500 BC")
![[[Assyrian lion weights]] (8th century BC) in the [[British Museum]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lionweights-BM.JPG?width=200 "[[Assyrian lion weights]] (8th century BC) in the [[British Museum]]")
![Roman [[steelyard balance]] with two bronze weights, 50–200 A.D., [[Gallo-Roman Museum, Tongeren]], Belgium](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Weegschaal (unster) met 2 gewichten in brons, 50 tot 200 NC, vindplaats- Onbekend, collectie Gallo-Romeins Museum Tongeren, GRM 48.jpg?width=200 "Roman [[steelyard balance]] with two bronze weights, 50–200 A.D., [[Gallo-Roman Museum, Tongeren]], Belgium")
![Manohar]] (AD 1615, Mughal dynasty, India).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Meister der Jahângîr-Memoiren 001.jpg?width=200 "Manohar]] (AD 1615, Mughal dynasty, India).")
Definition
Wikipedia
In the analysis of multivariate observations designed to assess subjects with respect to an attribute, a Guttman scale (named after Louis Guttman) is a single (unidimensional) ordinal scale for the assessment of the attribute, from which the original observations may be reproduced. The discovery of a Guttman scale in data depends on their multivariate distribution's conforming to a particular structure (see below). Hence, a Guttman scale is a hypothesis about the structure of the data, formulated with respect to a specified attribute and a specified population and cannot be constructed for any given set of observations. Contrary to a widespread belief, a Guttman scale is not limited to dichotomous variables and does not necessarily determine an order among the variables. But if variables are all dichotomous, the variables are indeed ordered by their sensitivity in recording the assessed attribute, as illustrated by Example 1.
